battle of eurymedon

[10], The Romans intended to invade the Seleucid base of operations in Asia Minor which could only be done by crossing the Aegean Sea, the Hellespont being the preferable option due to logistical concerns. The Gigantes were a race of giants borne out of the battle between Uranus and Kronos Submitted by Joshua J. (XI.60.6-7, 61.1-7). [27] The ensuing Battle of Myonessus resulted in a decisive Roman-Rhodian victory, which cemented Roman control over the Aegean Sea, enabling them to launch an invasion of Seleucid Asia Minor. Greco-Persian Warsby Kelly Macquire (CC BY-NC-SA). The Seleucids were led by the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal, who had gone into exile in the events following the Battle of Zama. He sailed along the Caria and Lyciancoasts, sacking and reducing some poleis, driving Persian garrisons out of others, and brought many of these poleis into the League. prueba 1 Created on 13.02.2017. sander Created on 19.03.2013. newburgh in Created on 06.12.2014. This caused the Persian garrison to be completely destroyed and made the league much stronger. After overcoming some initial confusion, the Rhodians executed the diekplous maneuver against the Seleucid seaward wing. Eurymedon, Battle of the, Turkey, ca. Xerxes I Reliefby Jona Lendering (CC BY-SA). Fields denoted with an asterisk (*) are required . Ancient History Encyclopedia. Xerxes I did manage to burn Athens but did not defeat the Athenians nor subjugate them as both he and his father had hoped to do. While Hannibal managed to preserve most of his fleet, he was unable to reinforce the rest of the Seleucid navy in Ephesus which left it isolated and vulnerable. …467 Cimon won the great Battle of the Eurymedon River in Pamphylia (southern Anatolia), a naval victory that made a great impression both in Greece (where it was celebrated by the dedication of a bronze date palm, or phoinix, at Delphi: a punning reference to the defeated Phoenician fleet) and… Read More Last modified March 03, 2020. The Persians assembled a large Phoenician fleet near Cyprus. In October 196 BC, Antiochus met with a delegation of Roman diplomats in Lysimachia. The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. Mark has lived in Greece and Germany and traveled through Egypt. He roused himself when Cimon began operations directly targeting the city-states of Asia Minor. His son, Xerxes I, then launched the second invasion to avenge his father’s defeat in 480 BCE and punish Athens but was also defeated. Clashing on a plain near Chaeronea, the battle was hotly contested until the king's son, the future Alexander the Great, led the decisive charge which broke the Greek lines. The situation of the city was favourable for commerce, and the Cnidians acquired considerable wealth, and were able to colonize the island of Lipara, and founded the city of Corcyra Nigra in the Adriatic. Datasets available include LCSH, BIBFRAME, LC Name Authorities, LC Classification, MARC codes, PREMIS vocabularies, ISO language codes, and more. After overcoming some initial confusion, the Rhodians executed the diekplous maneuver against the Seleucid seaward wing. [18], In July 190 BC, Hannibal ordered his fleet of three septiremes, four hexaremes, 30 quinqueremes and 10 triremes to set sail from Seleucia Pieria along the southern Asia Minor coast. Perhaps the simplest reason for Cimon not pursuing his advantage is that he had no need to. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. ii 94.2 and L-S-J 9πεζός I). Ancient Greek stories are pretty exciting. The Greek forces were led by Cimon of Athens (l. c. 510 - c. 450 BCE) to a complete victory over the Persians. Athens had created the largest navy in Greece and, under the direction of the statesman Pericles (l. 495-429 BCE), had rebuilt the city, including the acropolis with its Parthenon. [22] In August, after a number of Rhodian sailors caught a disease which spread from the local inhabitants, Eudamus moved his fleet to the mouth of Eurymedon River. A great tumult arose among the Persians, and the soldiers of Cimon cut down all who came in their way, and seizing in his tent Pheredates, one of the two generals of the barbarians and a nephew of the king, they slew him; and as for the rest of the Persians, some they cut down and others they wounded, and all of them, because of the unexpectedness of the attack, they forced to take flight. [31][32] The defeat at Magnesia and the transfer of the Seleucid fleet from Ephesus to Patara led the garrisons of numerous cities including Sardes, Ephesus, Thyatira and Magnesia ad Sipylum to surrender to the Romans. Thank you! Ancient History Encyclopedia. Antiochus countered by claiming that he was simply rebuilding the empire of his ancestor Antiochus II Theos and criticized the Romans for meddling in the affairs of Asia Minor states, whose rights were traditionally defended by Rhodes. The historians of the time, such as Thucydides, often do not provide careful chronology or developmental details in their narratives, seeming to assume an audience would already have this information. A number of these city-states had no desire to leave the Persian Empire, however, recognizing they enjoyed a level of civil rights, prosperity, and security that no Greek mainland city-state could offer. The Linked Data Service provides access to commonly found standards and vocabularies promulgated by the Library of Congress. Cimon collected his forces at the Triopian promontory. Scholar A. T. Olmstead sums up the result of the Persian defeat: Eurymedon was decisive…Europe had been lost to the [Persian] empire; and now large numbers of the Asiatic Greeks, together with many Carians and Lycians, were enrolled in the rapidly expanding Delian League. It was fought as part of the Roman–Seleucid War, pitting the fleets of Rhodes under admiral Eudamus against a Seleucid fleet of Hannibal. In September 191 BC, the Roman fleet defeated the Seleucids in the Battle of Corycus, enabling it to take control of several cities including Dardanus and Sestos on the Hellespont. Related Content There he was informed by citizens of Aspendos that Hannibal's fleet was at Side. The Seleucids selected 10,000 infantry, 500 cavalry, 6 war elephants and 300 ships to be transferred for their campaign in Greece. Scholars are divided on when exactly it happened because the history of this entire period, known as the Pentecontaetia (“period of the fifty years”) is poorly attested in the primary sources. "Battle of the Eurymedon, c. 466 BCE." La bataille de l'Eurymédon fut une victoire hautement significative pour la ligue de Délos car elle mit définitivement fin à la menace d'une autre invasion perse de la Grèce. Since historians recognize the poor attestation of this period, however, it is possible that Diodorus was working from a source unavailable to the others and his account may actually have some elements of truth to it. Start Page Maps World Battke of Eurymedon Created: 22.11.2020 Battle innit . Antiochus dispatched Zeuxis and Antipater to the Romans, in order to secure a truce. Schauenburg ascribes the utterance to the archer; his name a reference to the Battle of the Eurymedon River some time in the 460s BC, at which the Athenians prevailed. Cimon had won a stunning victory but there is no record of him pressing his advantage nor any regarding what happened to the defeated Persian army. The amphibious attack on Patara was repelled by the city's garrison. [19][20] The fleet's advance was hampered by contrary winds and the need for additional training maneuvers. Negotiations between the Romans and the Seleucids resumed, coming to a standstill once again, over differences between Greek and Roman law on the status of disputed territorial possessions. What makes it really exciting, however, is that some of it really happened. This was an alliance of Greek city-states who banded together to help liberate Greeks from Persian rule and defend against any future invasions. While Antiochus' cavalry overpowered his adversaries on the right flank of the battlefield, his army's center collapsed before he could reinforce it. The Seleucids thus attempted to intercept the Roman fleet before this could be achieved. The Persian fleet, not wanting to begin battle before the Phoenician ships arrived, moved into the mouth of the Eurymedon River thinking Cimon would not follow them. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. His adversaries on the other hand, could not afford a major defeat at sea, since the manpower to commandeer a new fleet would not be available for months. Yet the Romans were determined to crush the Seleucids once and for all. Hannibal was likewise aware of the Rhodian fleet's whereabouts from his own lookouts. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. Museum. The Battle of the Eurymedon was a double battle, taking place both on water and land, between the Delian League of Athens and her Allies, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I. The Battle of Eurymedon After Eion, Skyros, and Naxos, the next mission for the Athenian StratēgósKimon came in either 469 or 466 BCE. In the following year Miletus, the heart of the insurrection, was taken and destroyed. [3] In 196 BC, Antiochus used the opportunity of Attalus I's death to assault cities controlled by the Attalid dynasty. All three narratives make clear that the battle was a complete victory for Cimon; the Persian forces were unable to regroup or counterattack at any time afterwards. [28] In September, when Aemilius dispatched a part of his fleet to the Hellespont in order to assist the Roman army in its invasion of Asia Minor, Polyxenidas seized the opportunity to attack the Romans at sea. The Classical Period began with the Greek victory over the Persians and a new feeling of self-confidence in the Greek world. Although the battle is frequently given as c. 466 BCE, it is also dated to 469 BCE or 468 BCE. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2020) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Cim. Additional Maps for the Region. Artabanus was quickly executed by Artaxerxes I who, having learned that Persian warfare with the Greeks did not end well, opted for a different course of action. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/article/1516/. The specific date is unknown, but it … In 499 BCE, these city-states rebelled against Persian rule and were supported by Athens and Eretria. Antiochus saw his fleet as disposable, believing that he could still rout the Romans on land. Despite the emergence of pro-war party led by Scipio Africanus, the Roman Senate exercised restraint. [9] A combined counter offensive conducted by the Romans and their Macedonian allies erased all of Antiochus' gains in Thessaly within a month. https://www.ancient.eu/article/1516/. Mark, Joshua J. Mark, Joshua J. Consequently, they received the Athenians as if they were friends. A number of Greek city-states had been founded along the coast of Asia Minor prior to Cyrus II’s conquest and were now under Persian control. According to Plutarch, the Persian fleet was anchored off the mouth of the Eurymedon, awaiting the arrival of 80 Phoenician ships from Cyprus. The revolt took five years to put down and, afterwards, Darius I began preparations to punish Athens and Eretria for their interference and also expand his empire by taking Greece. The tone and details of Diodorus’ version have been noted as typical of cultural and nationalistic myths and so his account is usually disregarded. [21] The Rhodians then sailed to Phaselis, a location of strategic importance which would enable them to block any fleet trying to attack their kingdom from Lycia. He meanwhile ordered his land troops away from the shore to protect the camp and supplies. Delian League, confederacy of ancient Greek states under the leadership of Athens, with headquarters at Delos, founded in 478 BCE during the Greco-Persian wars. Democracy in Athens was refined under the leadership of Pericles. And since it was a dark night without a moon, their bewilderment was increased all the more and not a man was able to discern the true state of affairs. [25] This tactic involved rowing through gaps between the Seleucid ships and then attacking their vulnerable sides and sterns. Regardl… Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. In 198 BC, Antiochus emerged victorious in the Fifth Syrian War, taking over Coele-Syria and securing his south-eastern border. The barbarians, so soon as the fleet approached them, were deceived by the Persian ships and garb and supposed the triremes to be their own. Eudamus picked up individual warships on his way south until he was reinforced by a second Rhodian squadron commanded by Pamphilidas off Megiste, their fleet now numbering 32 quadriremes, two quinqueremes and four triremes. The Aetolians began spurring Greek states to jointly revolt under Antiochus' leadership against the Romans, hoping to provoke a war between the two parties. Eurymedon bottle 1. (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2013) The Delian League had many great victories like the Battle of Eurymedon, The Thracian Chersonese and at Eion. The primary sources for the battle are Thucydides (l. c. 460 - c. 400 BCE), Diodorus Siculus (l. c. 90 - c. 30 BCE), and Plutarch (l. c. 45 - c. 125 CE), with Thucydides and Plutarch considered the most reliable (Thucydides because he was writing close to the event and Plutarch because of the sources available to him). Bibliography [6] The Persians held at first but then broke and Cimon sent in his reserves, which scattered the Persian forces. 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